International  Friendship 

«  * 

in  the  Church 


PROGRAM  AND  METHgpS 


International  Friendship 
in  the  Church 


Program  and  Methods 


A  Report  Presented  to  the 
Congress  on  the  Purpose  and  Methods 
of  Inter-Church  Federations 
Pittsburgh,  October  1-4,  1917 


Reprint  for 

The  World  Alliance  for  Promoting 
International  Friendship  Through  the  Churches 

and 

The  Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Good¬ 
will  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America 

Address: 

The  World  Alliance  for  International  Friendship 
105  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City 


COPYRIGHT,  1917,  BY 
MISSIONARY  EDUCATION  MOVEMENT 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


PAGE 


Foreword  . .  5 

General  Introduction .  7 


Statement  of  the  Fundamental  Principles, 
the  Purpose,  and  the  Program  of  the  Sub¬ 
commission 

1.  Committee  on  International  Friendship  of 
THE  Inter-Church  Federation .  14 

Membership — Organization — Preparation 

11.  Work  of  the  Federation  Committee  on  In¬ 
ternational  Friendship .  17 

Literature — International  Friendship  in  the 
Church — Community  Work — Work  in  Nor¬ 
mal  Classes — Popular  Education  in  Chris¬ 
tian  Internationalism  in  the  Community — 
Publicity 

III.  The  Content  of  the  Message  of  the  Federa¬ 
tion  Committee  .  22 

Principles  and  Ideals  of  Christian  Interna¬ 
tionalism — Method/’  for  Securing  Results — 
Suggestions  for  i  ^mmittees  which  Lack 


Interchurch  Federations 

Conclusion  .  26 

Members  of  the  Sub-commission  on  Inter¬ 
national  Justice  and  Goodwill .  31 

Helpful  Literature  .  33 


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FOREWORD 


The  Pittsburgh  Congress  on  the  Purpose  and 
Methods  of  Inter-Church  Federations  was  a  notable 
event  in  the  history  of  the  Protestant  churches  of 
America.  It  marked  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in 
their  cooperation  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  kingdom  of 
God.  It  gave  a  clearer  definition  of  his  kingdom  here 
on  earth  and  a  more  definite  and  adequate  program  for 
its  attainment  than  have  been  given  before. 

The  following  pages  constitute  one  chapter  in  the 
one-volume  report  of  those  wonderful  meetings.  The 
volume  is  entitled  A  Manual  of  Inter-Church  Work, 
and  is  issued  by  the  Federal  Council  Commission  on 
Inter-Church  Federations.  The  chapter  is  reprinted  in 
this  form  in  order  to  secure  a  wider  circulation  and  an 
earlier  and  more  specific  attention  of  pastors  than 
would  otherwise  be  possible. 

The  education  of  the  churches  in  the  principles  and 
in  the  concrete  program  of  Christian  internationalism 
is  a  duty  of  extraordinary  and  of  pressing  importance. 
Millions  of  church-members  should  be  ready  for  splen¬ 
did  team  work  for  the  establishment  of  a  Christian 
world  order.  For  the  churches  should  make  an  essen¬ 
tial  contribution  to  the  establishment  of  a  League  of 
Nations  and  to  the  Christianizing  of  America’s  rela¬ 
tions  with  the  Orient. 


Sidney  L.  Gulick 


REPORT  OF  THE  SUB-COMMISSION 
ON  A  DEPARTMENT 
OF  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE 
AND  GOODWILL 

The  Fundamental  Purpose 

The  purpose  of  this  Sub-commission  is  to  promote 
the  establishment  of  a  Christian  world  order.  Every 
church  should  share  in  this  task.  This  commission  ac¬ 
cordingly  seeks  to  aid  the  churches  of  every  com¬ 
munion  in  finding  the  most  effective  methods  for 
doing  their  work  in  this  respect.  It  is  a  task  to  which 
the  local  church,  or  even  an  entire  communion,  work¬ 
ing  alone,  can  make  but  little  contribution.  Only  the 
cooperation  of  tens  of  thousands  of  churches  of  all 
communions,  and  of  millions  of  intelligent  Christians 
will  be  able  to  Christianize  America’s  international  re¬ 
lations  and  thus  do  their  part  in  the  great  world  enter¬ 
prise. 

The  Abiding  Task  of  the  Church 

This  Sub-commission  recognizes  the  importance  of 
the  work  of  the  other  commissions.  Evangelization  of 
individuals,  of  communities,  of  the  nation,  and  of  for¬ 
eign  peoples,  is  the  unique  and  abiding  task  of  the 
church.  The  reconciling  of  sinful  children  to  their 
Heavenly  P'ather  through  Jesus  Christ  and  the  trans¬ 
mission  to  them  of  newness  and  fulness  of  life — this 


8  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


is  the  supreme  work  of  the  church.  Whatever  else 
the  church  may  or  may  not  do,  this  is  essential.  Fail¬ 
ure  here  is  fatal  everywhere.  This  part  of  the  pro¬ 
gram  of  the  church  is  the  special  subject-matter  for 
the  Sub-commissions  on  Christian  Education  and  on 
Evangelism. 

Relation  to  the  Sub-commission  on  Social  Service 

But  thoroughgoing  evangelization  includes  the  es¬ 
tablishment  of  the  kingdom  of  God — that  social  order 
whose  members  love  to  do  his  will  fully,  here  on  earth 
as  it  is  done  in  heaven.  Right  relations  must  be  set 
up  between  men  in  society.  Not  only  must  personal 
vice  be  cast  out  but  vicious  conditions  must  be  cor¬ 
rected.  Justice  must  be  secured  for  the  weak,  the 
helpless,  and  the  down-trodden.  Wholesome  homes, 
adequate  laws  dealing  with  the  problems  of  intemper¬ 
ance,  and  hygienic  conditions  of  labor  must  be  pro¬ 
vided  and  proper  hours  of  work  and  proper  wages. 
This  is  the  subject-matter  dealt  with  by  the  Sub-com¬ 
mission  on  Social  Service. 

The  Kingdom  of  God  is  Supra-national 

But  just  as  evangelism  must  reach  out  to  all  the 
world,  so  the  kingdom  of  God,  the  Christian  social 
order,  includes  all  the  world.  It  transcends,  recon¬ 
ciles,  and  unites  all  nations  and  all  races.  God’s 
kingdom  requires  universal  right  relations.  Truth 
and  honesty,  righteousness  and  square  dealing,  honor 
and  goodwill  must  be  established  and  observed  be¬ 
tween  nations  no  less  than  between  individuals  and 
between  classes  in  a  single  nation.  Too  long  have 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  g 


these  relations  been  thought  to  be  outside  the  range  of 
Christian  responsibility.  We  have  learned  with  sud¬ 
den  dismay  our  failures  of  the  past.  The  tragedy  of 
Christendom,  so-called,  discloses  the  frightful  con¬ 
sequences  of  national  selfishness  and  disregard  of 
moral  laws  in  international  relations. 

So  long  as  these  relations  are  unchristian,  so  long 
as  bare  national  might  is  accepted  by  any  large  and 
powerful  nation  as  the  proper  ground  for  national 
right,  so  long  as  any  nation  and  race  is  taught  and  be¬ 
lieves  that  it  may  rightly  regard  its  own  selfish  inter¬ 
ests  and  ambitions  as  the  sole  guides  of  action,  so  long 
will  military  preparations  and  establishments  grow 
from  more  to  more  among  all  the  nations.  But  with 
the  growth  of  vast  military  establishments  among  all 
the  powerful  nations  effective  evangelism  will  become 
increasingly  difficult,  whether  local,  national,  or  for¬ 
eign.  The  Christian  program  for  individual  and  for 
social  salvation  cannot  be  carried  to  real  and  perma¬ 
nent  success  until  the  kingdom  of  God  is  firmly  estab¬ 
lished  in  international  and  interracial  relations. 

The  New  Task  of  American  Churches 

The  new  task,  accordingly,  of  American  churches 
is  to  Christianize  America’s  international  relations. 
Easy  it  is  for  a  nation  to  see  the  motes  in  the  eyes  of 
other  nations  and  to  ignore  utterly  the  beam  in  its 
own  eye.  It  is  easy  but  it  is  dangerous. 

Relations  between  America  and  Japan  should  be 
set  right.  Our  treaties  with  China  should  no  longer 
be  ignored.  Our  pledges  to  protect  aliens  should  be 
kept.  Suitable  legislation  to  make  this  possible  should 


10  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 

be  passed.  Mexican  suspicion  should  be  overcome. 
The  full  confidence  of  South  Americans  should  be 
won.  Comprehensive  immigration  legislation,  free 
from  race  discrimination,  should  be  enacted.  Ade¬ 
quate  relief  and  reconstruction  funds  should  be  raised 
for  the  sufferers  from  the  World  War.  America  should 
take  her  part  in  setting  up  adequate  world  organiza¬ 
tion  for  the  establishment  of  durable  peace,  based  upon 
justice.  There  are  ways  of  doing  all  these  things  and 
they  are  Christian  ways.  They  should  be  known  to 
all  American  Christians,  who  should  cooperate  effec¬ 
tively  for  their  attainment. 

America  now  has  unique  opportunity  and  respon¬ 
sibility  for  bringing  in  the  new  world  order.  The 
American  government  and  all  its  people  should  be  as 
active  in  promoting  world  organization  and  interna¬ 
tional  goodwill  as  they  are  in  providing  for  national 
safety  and  prosperity. 

Fundamental  Principles  of  a  Christian 

World  Order 

Permanent  world  peace  can  come  only  as  the  fruit 
and  product  of  international  goodwill  and  sense  of 
brotherhood  expressing  itself  in  righteousness.  Peace 
is  the  outcome  of  justice,  justice  is  secured  through 
law,  law  depends  upon  organization.  The  political  or¬ 
ganization  of  the  world,  therefore,  is  an  essential  step 
toward  durable  peace.  Nations,  as  individuals,  should 

Recognize  the  rights  of  others. 

Render  justice  rather  than  demand  rights,  and 
Find  their  greatness  in  goodwill  and  service. 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  ii 

The  establishment  of  this  Christian  world  order 
requires : 

(1)  The  abandonment  of  pagan  nationalism,  with 
its  distorted  patriotism,  its  secret  diplomacy,  its 
double  morality,  its  demoralizing  spy  system,  and  its 
frank  and  brutal  assertion  of  selfishness,  of  unlimited 
sovereignty,  and  of  the  right  to  override  and  destroy 
weak  neighbors ;  and 

(2)  The  adoption  of  a  Christian  nationalism,  a 
Christian  patriotism,  and  a  Christian  internationalism, 
which  assert  the  familyhood  of  nations,  the  limitation 
of  local  and  of  national  sovereignty,  and  the  right  of 
all  nations  and  races,  small  and  great,  to  share  in  the 
world’s  resources  and  in  opportunity  for  self-direct¬ 
ing  development  and  expanding  life.  The  establish¬ 
ment  of  the  new  world  order  implies  the  substitution 
of  economic  cooperation  in  the  place  of  competition 
between  nations. 

The  churches  of  America  should  now  vigorously 
promote  nation-wide  education  in  Christian  interna¬ 
tionalism,  unparalleled  international  benevolence, 
right  legislation  dealing  with  interracial  relations,  and 
suitable  international  organization. 

Conditions  of  Achievement 

This  great  task — Christianizing  international  rela¬ 
tions — can  be  achieved  only  as  the  expression  of  moral 
character  of  a  high  order.  It  must  set  up  and  guide 
the  political  machinery  of  the  nations  through  intelli¬ 
gent  understanding  of  world  problems  and  also  of  the 
way  to  solve  them.  This  achievement,  however,  is  possi¬ 
ble  only  as  millions  of  men  and  women  of  faith  and 
prayer,  in  tens  of  thousands  of  churches,  unite  for  nation- 


12  INTER^^ATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


wide  education  and  for  collective  action.  Emotionalism, 
however  idealistic,  that  is  not  directed  by  practical  intel¬ 
ligence,  persistent  patience,  and  readiness  to  take  one  step 
at  a  time,  will  avail  little  or  nothing.  Not  by  guerrilla 
warfare  but  only  by  the  largest  and  sanest  continuing 
Christian  strategy,  can  the  war  upon  war  be  won. 

There  are  enormous  latent  forces  in  our  land  and 
especially  in  our  churches,  demanding  international 
justice  and  goodwill.  The  problem  is,  how  to  mass 
and  harness  this  power  so  as  to  make  it  effective  for 
action.  It  must  be  put  into  action  and  at  the  same 
time  directed.  It  must  be  geared  up  to  our  political 
machinery  in  ways  that  will  make  the  Christian  ideals 
and  convictions  effective  in  directing  America’s  inter¬ 
national  policies.  This  must,  however,  be  done  in 
ways  that  conform  to  the  principle  that  the  churches 
as  ecclesiastical  bodies  should  not  enter  into  politics. 
Christian  citizens  should  nevertheless  be  able  to  act 
collectively  and  simultaneously  as  Christian  citizens. 

Necessity  for  a  Distinct  Commission 

The  task  is  perfectly  distinct  and  enormously  vast. 
A  separate  commission  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America  has  been  needed  for  the 
work.  Neither  the  Commission  on  Christian  Educa¬ 
tion,  nor  that  on  Social  Service,  nor  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Missions,  with  their  distinctive  problems  and 
pressing  duties,  could  possibly  give  the  steady  atten¬ 
tion  and  the  strong  accentuation  that  are  essential  if 
a  Christian  v/orld  order  is  really  to  be  set  up. 

The  local  churches,  also,  must  grapple  energetical- 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  13 


ly  with  these  problems  and  cooperate  earnestly  in  the 
program,  if  results  are  to  be  secured.  Not  only  should 
every  Federation  of  Churches  have  its  own  Depart¬ 
ment  of  International  Justice  and  Goodwill,  but  also 
each  local  church  should  have  its  own  committee  and 
make  its  own  contribution. 

No  local  church  and  no  Federation  of  Churches  can 
be  regarded  as  working  for  the  full  program  of  the 
kingdom  of  God  that  does  not  provide  for  suitable 
cooperation  with  Christians  in  other  churches  and 
denominations  in  the  accomplishment  of  this  task. 

The  success,  moreover,  of  every  other  part  of  the 
Christian  program  is  most  intimately  connected  with 
the  success  of  this  part.  No  church  that  has  mission¬ 
aries  in  Japan  or  China  should  feel  that  it  is  doing  its 
full  share  in  Christianizing  those  lands  if  it  fails  to 
cooperate  in  establishing  Christian  political  relations 
with  them. 

How  Church  Federations  May  Cooperate 
IN  THE  Program  for  a  Christian 
World  Order 

Each  Church  Federation  should  establish  an  appro¬ 
priate  department  composed  of  suitable  persons  and 
undertake  as  an  integral  and  essential  part  of  its  regu¬ 
lar  work  an  active  campaign  for  enlisting  all  Chris¬ 
tian  citizens  in  the  community  in  intelligent  and 
effective  cooperation  for  the  establishment  of  Chris¬ 
tian  internationalism.  Suggestions  for  the  formation 
and  work  of  this  department  fall  into  three  groups: 
the  committee  itself,  the  forms  of  its  activities,  and  the 
content  of  the  message  which  this  committee  is  to  de¬ 
liver  to  the  churches. 


14  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 

1.  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  INTERNATIONAL 
FRIENDSHIP  OF  THE  FEDERATION 
OF  CHURCHES 

I.  The  Membership  of  the  Department 

Suggestions : 

(a)  There  should  be,  so  far  as  practicable,  at  least 
one  representative  from  each  denomination. 

(b)  The  members  should  be  men  and  women  who 
believe  in  constructive  policies,  both  educational  and 
practical. 

(c)  The  members  should  be  outstanding  and  influ¬ 
ential  laymen,  women,  and  a  few  pastors  who  know 
how  to  do  team-work, 

(d)  The  Executive  Secretary  of  the  Federation  of 
Churches  should  doubtless  be  a  member,  ex-officio,  of 
the  Department  of  International  Friendship,  but  prob¬ 
ably  should  not  be  its  chairman  or  secretary. 

Remarks : 

(a)  The  Federation  of  Churches  as  a  rule  includes 
only  the  evangelical  churches  of  a  community  and 
sometimes  not  ,all  of  them.  This  task  of  Christian¬ 
izing  international  relations,  however,  is  one  that  does 
not  depend  on  matters  of  doctrine  or  on  theories  of 
ecclesiastical  order  or  legitimacy.  It  is  a  task,  there¬ 
fore,  in  which  all  denominations  and  communions  can 
and  should  unite.  It  accordingly  follows  that  the  Fed¬ 
eration,  in  setting  up  its  committee,  should  at  the  out¬ 
set  approach  those  bodies  that  are  not  constituent 
members  of  the  Federation,  tell  them  of  the  plans  and 
invite  their  cooperation  by  appointment  of  suitable . 
persons  for  membership  in  the  Federation  Department. 
Such  members  might  be  either  associate,  regular,  or 
co-opted,  as  convenience  and  efficiency  may  direct. 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  15 


(b)  The  relation  of  the  American  Branch  of  the 
World  Alliance  for  Promoting  International  Friend¬ 
ship  Through  the  Churches  to  the  Commission  on 
International  Justice  and  Goodwill  of  the  Federal 
Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  throws 
important  light  on  this  subject.  The  former  body 
has  come  into  existence  in  order  that  the  great  task 
of  Christianizing  international  relations  may  be  more 
effectively  and  promptly  accomplished  by  bringing 
into  the  fullest  cooperation  all  the  Christian  forces, 
regardless  of  the  questions  of  doctrine  or  ecclesiasti- 
cism.  The  Federal  Council  is  composed  of  thirty  con¬ 
stituent  bodies;  the  American  Branch  of  the  World 
Alliance  seeks  to  unite  all  denominations.  At  present 
forty-one  are  cooperating.  The  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  World  Alliance  includes  all  the  members  of  the 
Federal  Council  Commission  on  International  Justice 
and  Goodwill,  with  others.  Its  Executive  Committee 
is  also  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Commission. 
Thus  the  activities  of  the  World  Alliance,  so  far  as 
they  come  within  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 
are  the  activities  of  its  Commission  on  International 
Justice  and  Goodwill,  while  so  far  as  they  fall  among 
other  bodies,  are  exclusively  the  work  of  the  World 
Alliance. 

(c)  Emphasis  should  be  laid  on  the  importance  of 
securing  on  committees  and  especially  as  class  leaders 
men  and  women  who  are  primarily  interested  in  con¬ 
structive  principles.  The  American  Branch  of  the 
World  Alliance  and  the  Federal  Council  Commission 
on  International  Justice  and  Goodwill  stand  for  those 
great  positive  policies  and  principles  which  will  secure 


i6  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


international  justice  through  world  organization.  They 
urge  nation-wide  education,  domestic  legislation,  and 
international  organization,  productive  of  justice, 
brotherhood,  and  goodwill.  Upon  these  policies  all 
good  citizens  can  unite.  Only  those  persons  should  be 
class  leaders  and  members  of  committees,  who  avoid 
fruitless  discussions  of  abstract  theories  as  to  the 
pros  and  cons  of  non-resistance,  or  of  the  use  of  force. 
We  need  to  concentrate  discussion  and  efforts  on  con¬ 
structive  proposals  and  programs. 

2.  Organization  and  Preparation  of  the  Department 

(sl)  The  meetings  should  not  be  many. 

(b)  The  committee  should  study  the  World  Alli¬ 
ance  literature  and  understand  its  proposals  and  pro¬ 
gram. 

(c)  The  committee  should  know  accurately  what 
the  churches  of  the  city  are  doing  in  the  education  of 
their  membership  in  Christian  internationalism. 

(d)  It  should  consider  methods  of  approach  to 
those  which  are  doing  nothing,  and  also  how  it  can 
best  aid  those  which  are  at  work. 

(e)  Suitable  subcommittees  on  visitation  should 
be  appointed. 

(f)  The  committee  should  have  an  executive  sec¬ 
retary,  perhaps  some  young  man  or  woman,  who 
could  give  some  time  and  thought  to  its  work.  He 
should  investigate  conditions  (cf.  “c’^  above),  keep 
records,  guide  the  subcommittees  on  visitation,  and 
coordinate  the  interchurch  activities  of  International 
Friendship  Committees. 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  17 


II.  THE  WORK  OF  THE  FEDERATION  DE¬ 
PARTMENT  ON  INTERNATIONAL 
FRIENDSHIP 

I.  Literature  Needed 

The  Federation  Department  should,  first  of  all,  se¬ 
cure  from  the  World  Alliance  (105  East  22d  Street, 
New  York  City)  all  the  literature  dealing  with  the 
formation  and  work  of  community  and  local  church 
committees  on  International  Friendship. 

This  literature  should  be  studied  by  the  members 
of  the  committee,  separately,  and  then  together,  with 
a  view  to  the  general  program  proposed  and  to  its  ap¬ 
plicability  to  their  own  community.  It  is  to  be  re¬ 
membered  that  the  proposals  of  the  World  Alliance 
are  not  mandatory  but  suggestive.  There  are  no  hard 
and  fast  rules.  The  forms  of  activity,  the  programs, 
and  the  study  courses  are  to  be  adapted  by  each  com¬ 
mittee  to  the  conditions  and  needs  of  its  own  locality. 

Suggestions : 

(a)  Probably  the  first  step  would  be  to  present 
the  matter  to  the  regular  ministers’  meeting,  in  order 
to  secure  their  understanding  of  the  proposals  and 
program,  and  their  enthusiastic  endorsement  of  the 
general  plan. 

(b)  The  subcommittees  on  visitation  should  then 
arrange  to  present  the  proposals  to  the  pastor  and 
officers  of  each  local  church. 

2.  A  Committee  or  Department  on  International  Friend¬ 
ship  in  Each  Local  Church 

The  object  is  twofold,  first,  the  education  of  all 
Christian  citizens  in  each  local  qhurch  in  the  princi- 


i8  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


pies  of  Christian  internationalism,  and,  second,  such 
organization  of  this  educated  citizenship  as  to  make 
possible,  when  the  time  comes  for  nation-wide,  collec¬ 
tive  action,  their  effective  cooperation  with  Christians 
throughout  the  country. 

In  order  to  secure  both  these  ends  it  is  believed 
that  each  local  church  should  have  its  own  Committee 
on  International  Friendship.  A  real  difficulty,  how¬ 
ever,  is  encountered  at  this  point.  The  tasks  of  the 
church  are  many  and  important,  and  for  each  of  them 
committees  and  systematic  education  is  called  for. 
The  danger  is  lest  one  or  two  good  causes  absorb  the 
attention  and  interest  of  the  church  to  the  complete 
neglect  of  other  causes  no  less  important.  The  already 
established  causes  are  naturally  more  or  less  jealous 
of  new  causes  and  resent  their  efforts  to  secure  time, 
attention,  or  funds  for  fear  the  old  causes  suffer. 
Moreover,  there  is  proper  solicitude  lest  the  multipli¬ 
cation  of  societies  and  committees  distract  attention 
and  divide  the  membership  into  competing  groups. 

To  meet  these  difficulties  the  following  suggestion 
is  offered.  Let  the  Church  Federation  and  also  the 
local  church  establish  one  general  Committee  on  Edu¬ 
cational  Courses,  with  subcommittees,  such  as  those 
on  Home  Missions,  Foreign  Missions,  Social  Service, 
Temperance,  International  Friendship,  etc.  Each  de¬ 
partment  might  be  allowed  from  three  to  six  weeks 
each  winter  for  its  series  of  meetings  and  classes. 
Thus  the  entire  church-membership  would  receive  the 
needful  education  in  the  full  program  of  the  church 
militant  and  all  the  members  be  prepared  to  do  their 
share  in  each  great  task. 

In  churches  where  committees  or  groups  already 
exist,  these  should,  of  course,  be  recognized  and 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  19 


brought  into  the  general  plan.  In  some  places  it 
might  seem  wise  to  entrust  to  the  Committee  on  For¬ 
eign  Missions  or  Social  Service  the  duty  of  promoting 
education  on  International  Friendship.  Should  this, 
however,  result  in  side-tracking  either 'interest,  real 
efficiency  will  have  been  sacrificed  for  the  sake  of  sim¬ 
plified  machinery.  The  important  thing  is  that  each 
church  should  provide  for  the  proper  education  of  all 
its  members  in  the  full  program  of  the  church 
universal. 

But  whichever  of  the  above  methods  may  be 
adopted,  those  in  the  local  churches  who  are  responsi¬ 
ble  for  the  courses  dealing  with  international  friend¬ 
ship  should  be  regarded  as  the  church  committee  on 
that  matter  and  be  so  recorded  in  the  New  York  office 
of  the  World  Alliance  for  Promoting  International 
Friendship  Through  the  Churches.  Only  in  this  way 
can  the  nation-wide,  collective,  and  simultaneous 
action  of  millions  of  Christian  citizens  be  secured  when 
needed. 

When  the  Church  Federation  has  decided  which 
of  the  above  methods  is  best  for  its  own  field,  the 
next  problem  will  be  to  secure  the  active  cooperation 
of  the  local  churches. 

Provision  should  also  be  made  for  ‘*follow-up” 
work  till  each  local  church  actually  establishes  its  com¬ 
mittee  or  department. 

3.  A  Community  Normal  Class  on  Christian  Inter¬ 
nationalism 


Suggestions : 

(a)  Secure  a  competent  leader  who  is  an  experi¬ 
enced  teacher. 


20  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


(b)  The  object  of  the  normal  class  is  not  to  give 
lectures  on  internationalism  in  general  but  to  train 
teachers  in  Christian  internationalism  and  in  methods 
of  instruction  and  organization,  who  can  conduct  the 
work  in  the  individual  churches. 

(c)  The  leader  should  be  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  the  World  Alliance  literature  and  its  program. 

(d)  Each  church  committee  should  have  at  least 
two  of  its  members  attend  the  normal  class. 

(e)  The  normal  class  course  should  be  limited  to 
six  or  eight  weeks  at  most  and  should  have  a  regular 
enrolment  fee  of  from  $i  to  $2  to  provide  for  text¬ 
books  and  other  necessary  expenses. 

4.  Popular  Education  in  Christian  Internationalism 

In  addition  to  the  community  normal  class,  ar¬ 
rangements  should  be  made  from  time  to  time  by  the 
Federation  Department  for  education  of  the  commu¬ 
nity  by  means  of  popular  gatherings  of  various  kinds. 

(a)  Lecture  courses  might  well  be  provided  for  in 
the  forums,  Chautauquas,  and  lyceums.  Special  lec¬ 
tures  might  also  be  secured  in  the  churches  by  speak¬ 
ers  of  national  repute. 

(b)  A  pageant  at  some  time  during  the  year 
would  be  highly  interesting  to  the  young  people  and 
also  profitable  for  the  general  public.  Care  should, 
however,  be  taken  that  the  pageant  selected  should  be 
really  educative  and  not  merely  spectacular  and  senti¬ 
mental.  Many  pageants  fail  to  show  that  peace  comes 
through  attainment  of  justice.  Every  pageant  should 
in  some  way  make  justice,  arbitration,  world  organi¬ 
zation,  and  a  world  court  essential  foundations  for 
the  peace  that  is  finally  established. 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  21 


(c)  Photo-plays  should  be  secured,  calculated  to 
promote  understanding  of  the  problem  of  world  peace 
through  world  organization.  Few  photo-plays  as  yet 
present  the  essentials  of  the  peacemakers’  program. 

(d)  Debates  between  high  schools,  church  groups, 
or  different  sections  of  the  city  could  be  made  at  once 
interesting,  stimulating,  and  highly  educational. 

5.  An  Intensive  Community  Campaign 

At  some  time  during  the  autumn  or  winter  con¬ 
duct  a  two-day  campaign  consisting  of  four  or  five 
meetings.  The  general  topic  might  be,  '‘The  New 
Task  of  the  Church.” 

Suggestions : 

(a)  Cooperation  of  all  the  denominations  and 
churches 

(b)  Local  speakers,  as  far  as  possible 

(c)  One  or  two  speakers  of  national  repute 

(d)  A  splendid  chorus  of  young  people 

(e)  A  pageant 

(f)  Suitable  literature  for  sale 

(g)  Decorations  of  all  national  flags  with  the 
Christian  flag  the  unifying  center  of  all 

(h)  Lectures  on  the  League  of  Nations,  the  Ade¬ 
quate  Protection  of  Aliens,  Comprehensive  Immigra¬ 
tion  Legislation  Free  from  Race  Discrimination,  and 
the  Oriental  Problem  and  Its  Solution. 

6.  A  Representative  on  State  or  City  Photo-Play  Boards 

of  Censors 

All  photo-plays  arousing  race  prejudice  or  inter- 


22  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 

national  hostility  should  be  condemned  by  state  and 
city  boards  of  censors.  This  is  as  important  as  con¬ 
demnation  of  photo-plays  that  are  sexually  immoral. 
Federations  of  Churches  constitute  the  only  suitable 
and  effective  body  of  Christians  for  securing  the  adop¬ 
tion  of  right  standards  in  these  matters.  The  Feder¬ 
ation  should  have  one  or  more  representatives  on  such 
boards  of  censors. 

7.  A  Member  to  Specialise  on  Publicity 

Some  suitable  member  of  the  Federation  Depart¬ 
ment  should  get  acquainted  with  the  editors  of  the 
local  papers,  should  provide  ‘"news”  of  the  right  kind 
as  to  local  and  national  activities,  and  secure  publica¬ 
tion  of  discussions  and  reports  of  addresses  and  lec¬ 
tures  of  value  to  the  entire  community.  The  report  of 
the  Sub-commission  on  Church  Publicity  should  be 
mastered  by  him.  When  the  papers  publish  material 
that  stirs  up  national  selfishness  or  race  prejudice, 
counteracting  influence  should  be  set  in  motion. 

III.  THE  CONTENT  OF  THE  MESSAGE  OF 
THE  FEDERATION  DEPARTMENT 

The  content  of  the  message  to  be  imparted  by  the 
Federation  Department  to  the  churches  and  the  com¬ 
munity  falls  into  two  sections : 

(1)  That  dealing  with  the  principles  and  ideals  of 
Christian  internationalism,  with  their  applications  to 
the  concrete  national  and  international  situation,  and 

(2)  That  dealing  with  the  practical  methods  of 
education  and  organization  for  securing  results. 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  23 
I.  Principles  and  Ideals  of  Christian  Internationalism 

The  fundamental  conception  of  Christian  inter¬ 
nationalism  is  that  of  brotherhood  expressing  itself  in 
justice.  This  ideal  must  be  applied  to  the  varied  con¬ 
crete  situations  that  confront  us.  International  good¬ 
will  must  find  expression  in  unceasing  and  insistent 
efforts  to  secure: 

(1)  Justice  for  immigrants. 

(a)  With  reference  to  laws  affecting  their  status 
and  opportunities. 

(b)  With  reference  to  their  treatment  by  our 
people  and  by  employers. 

(2)  Justice  for  aliens  as  industrial  workers — their 
economic  place  in  our  social  and  industrial  order. 

This  topic  encroaches  on  the  realm  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Social  Service.  Here  the  general  facts,  ideals, 
and  principles  may  be  studied;  there  the  more  minute 
details  and  the  legal  and  social  remedies. 

(3)  Justice  for  foreign  nations  as  nations. 

(a)  Making  treaties  that  conserve  the  interests 
of  others  no  less  than  our  own. 

(b)  Faithful  observance  of  treaty  obligations, 
in  their  spirit  no  less  than  in  their  letter. 

(c)  Providing  for  new  international  agreements 
making  practicable  world  organization  and 
a  league  of  nations. 

(d)  Progressive  adjustment  of  economic  legis¬ 
lation  providing  for  international  economic 
cooperation  to  take  the  place  of  mutually 
destructive  economic  rivalry. 

(4)  Helpfulness  beyond  bare  justice. 

In  times  of  special  distress  by  famine,  flood,  fire. 


24  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 

earthquake,  plague,  or  war,  nations  should  enter  on 
vast  enterprises  of  generous  benevolence. 

Remarks : 

The  study  of  all  these  suggested  themes  might 
easily  become  pedantic,  abstract,  and  unprofitable. 
Those  who  select  the  courses  of  study  should  secure 
text-books  and  teachers  suited  to  their  particular 
classes.  As  a  rule  the  courses  should  be  short,  from 
four  to  eight  weeks,  and  the  text-books  simple  and 
concrete.  As  courses  are  continuously  improved  from 
year  to  year,  those  contemplating  the  study  of  Chris¬ 
tian  Internationalism  should  secure  from  headquarters 
(105  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City)  the  latest  infor¬ 
mation  as  to  the  courses  available. 

2.  Practical  Methods  for  Securing  Results 

(a)  Educational 

Each  member  of  the  normal  class  should  be  taught 
not  only  the  content  of  the  ideals  and  principles 
of  world  organization  and  the  needed  domestic 
legislation,  but  also  how  to  impart  his  knowledge  to 
others  and  how  to  get  groups  in  his  own  church  to 
study  these  questions  effectively. 

(b)  Collective  Action 

Collective  action  should  take  two  forms — that  of 
the  community  in  expressing  goodwill  to  aliens  in 
its  midst,  and  that  of  Congress  enacting  laws  for 
the  protection  and  uplift  of  all  aliens.  The  normal 
class  leader  should  show  how  these  two  forms  of  ac¬ 
tivity  may  be  instituted.  For  the  latter,  millions  of 
citizens  must  be  so  united  as  to  make  possible  their 
collective  action.  This  is  the  second  important  duty 
of  federation  and  of  church  committees  on  Interna- 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  25 


tional  Friendship.  When  from  fifty  to  sixty  thousand 
committees  are  formed  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
millions  of  Christian  citizens  are  ready  at  a  given 
time  to  write  to  the  representatives  in  Congress  in  re¬ 
gard  to  moral  issues  involved  in  international  affairs, 
the  pressure  of  their  moral  ideals  and  convictions  can 
be  brought  to  bear  effectively  upon  Congress. 

Suggestions  for  Communities  which  Lack 

Church  Federations  ' 

The  foregoing  program  is  not,  of  course,  practica¬ 
ble  for  communities  where  no  Church  Federation 
exists  or  where  the  number  of  churches  is  quite  small. 
In  such  communities  the  procedure  would  have  to  be 
modified  in  important  respects. 

The  initial  steps  would  probably  have  to  be  taken 
by  some  single  pastor  or  experienced  layman.  An 
International  Friendship  Committee  should  be  started 
in  an  individual  church  without  waiting  for  others  to 
cooperate,  and  under  its  guidance  a  short  study  course 
should  be  undertaken  in  some  one  of  the  groups.  An 
individual  church  is  not  dependent  on,  and  need  not 
wait  for,  community  action. 

A  committee  that  has  already  started  successful 
work  in  its  own  church  might  well  approach  its  neigh¬ 
bors,  tell  what  is  happening  locally,  nationally,  and 
internationally,  and  invite  them  to  enter  into  the 
movem.ent. 

When  two  or  three  churches  have  established  their 
committees,  they  might  well  arrange  for  cooperation 
unitedly,  inviting  other  churches  to  share  in  the  great 
work.  This  would  in  fact  become  the  Community 
Committee  on  International  Friendship.  With  the 


26  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


establishment  of  this,  larger  plans  could  then  be  en¬ 
tered  upon. 

At  every  stage  common  sense  should  be  exercised. 
Only  so  m.iich  of  the  program  given  above  should  be 
undertaken  as  seems  adapted  to  the  situation. 

Conclusion 

The  embodiment  in  international  relations  of  the 
*  spirit  and  the  teachings  of  Jesus  is  the  great  new  task 
of  the  church  of  Christ.  All  experience  shows  that 
his  principles  and  spirit  are  complete  and  effective 
whenever  and  wherever  they  have  been  honestly  tried. 
There  is  no  home  like  the  Christian  home,  no  city  like 
a  Christian  city,  no  business  like  a  Christian  busi¬ 
ness,  no  country  like  a  Christian  nation.  For  in  them 
brotherly  love,  mutual  forbearance,  patience,  help¬ 
fulness,  sobriety,  purity,  honesty,  and  sincerity  char¬ 
acterize  all  the  relations  of  man  with  man. 

Experience  also  shows  that  unless  we  carry  these 
principles  through  and  up  to  the  very  highest  and 
widest  relations  of  human  life,  up  to  the  conduct  of 
nations  and  races,  we  cannot  carry  them  completely 
through  anywhere  in  the  narrower  circles  of  life. 
Christians  are  also  loyal  citizens,  and  however  sincere 
and  thoroughgoing  in  their  personal  life  they  may  be, 
they  perforce  share  in  the  wrong-doing  of  their  people 
in  its  relation  to  other  nations  when  that  relation  is 
wrong  and  brings  conflict.  We  must  embody  Chris¬ 
tian  principles  in  the  relations  of  nations  or  we  shall 
not  be  able  to  realize  it  completely  in  the  lives  of 
individuals. 

The  tragedy  of  Europe,  spreading  to  the  entire 
world,  discloses  the  inefficiency  and  bankruptcy  of  a 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  27 


national  diplomacy  that  is  guided  by  egotism  and 
selfishness  and  that  bases  its  primary  reliance  on  mili¬ 
tary  and  naval  force.  These  inevitably  violate  the 
principles  of  international  justice  and  fair  play,  dis¬ 
regard  the  needs  and  outrage  the  feelings  of  neigh¬ 
bors,  and  create  those  suspicions,  fears,  and  enmities 
which  necessarily  lead  to  rivalry  in  armaments  and 
finally  end  in  war.  Commercial  and  financial  interests 
uncontrolled  by  Christian  principles,  moreover,  are 
not  sufficiently  unselfish  and  powerful  to  secure  world 
justice,  the  necessary  condition  for  world  peace.  No 
political  system,  old  or  new,  that  is  not  Christian, 
can  save  the  world  from  the  great  conflict  of  the  races 
already  looming  up  before  us.  A  non-Christian  civi¬ 
lization  is  foredoomed  to  destruction,  more  certain  and 
dreadful  as  it  advances  in  the  mastery  of  nature’s 
titanic  forces. 

The  world  is  weary  of  war,  shocked  and  appalled 
by  its  horrors,  disgusted  at  its  prodigal  waste  of  life 
and  property,  and  aghast  at  the  frightful  consequences 
to  follow  for  decades.  It  most  earnestly  desires  a 
world  where  these  things  shall  be  no  more.  There  is, 
however,  only  one  kind  of  a  world  where  that  can  be. 
It  is  a  Christian  world— a  world  in  which  classes  and 
nations  and  races  shall  learn  of  Christ,  shall  look  upon 
each  other  as  brethren,  shall  be  just  and  sincere  and 
honest  and  truthful  and  helpful  in  their  mutual  rela¬ 
tions,  and  shall  insist  that  these  principles  be  followed 
by  those  who  are  placed  in  posts  of  official  respon¬ 
sibility  and  national  power. 

The  attainment  in  practise  of  this  ideal  of  a  Chris¬ 
tian  world  depends,  however,  upon  the  vision,  conse¬ 
cration,  and  determination  of  the  Christian  church — 
primarily  of  the  pastors  and  through  them  of  millions 


28  INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


of  Christian  laymen.  Forty  million  professed  Chris¬ 
tians  in  America  can  make  America’s  international 
relations  Christian,  if  they  will.  This  can  be  accom¬ 
plished  only  by  the  cordial  cooperation  of  individuals, 
churches,  and  denominations  in  city,  state,  and 
national  federations.  If  the  Christians  of  America 
will  make  America’s  international  relations  thoroughly 
Christian,  a  great  step  forward  will  have  been  taken 
toward  making  all  international  relations  Christian. 

Had  the  Christians  of  the  world,  during  the  past 
thirty  years,  devoted  to  the  study  and  solution  of 
international  problems,  by  the  application  of  Chris¬ 
tian  principles,  one  per  cent,  of  the  time  and  energy, 
thought  and  money,  loyalty,  consecration,  and  sacrifice 
which  they  are  now  devoting  to  the  prosecution  of  the 
war,  this  world  tragedy  would  not  have  come  upon  us. 
Have  Christians  learned  the  lesson? 

The  wages  of  sin  is  death,  international  no  less  than 
individual.  Jesus  is  the  Savior  and  the  sufficient 
Savior  from  sin,  whether  national  or  individual.  This 
international  salvation  can  come  only  as  millions  of 
individual  disciples  unite  their  hearts,  their  minds, 
and  their  wills  to  incarnate  the  spirit  of  Jesus  and  to 
make  it  supreme  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  inter¬ 
national  and  national  as  well  as  individual. 

When  the  Christians  of  the  world  make  up  their 
minds  and  also  their  hearts  to  practise  the  principles 
and  to  live  by  the  spirit  given  us  by  Jesus,  the  proph¬ 
ecy  of  Isaiah  will  come  to  pass,  for  the  nations  will 
then  walk  in  the  paths  of  the  Lord.  Then  will  come 
“the  day” — not  the  wrathful  day  of  judgment  and 
destruction,  but  the  joyful  day  of  disarmament  and 
prosperity  when  nations  “shall  beat  their  swords  into 
plowshares  and  their  spears  into  pruning  hooks.”  Not 


INTERNATIONAL  JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL  29 

only  will  they  cease  to  fight,  learning  war  no  more, 
but  they  will  also  ceal^e  to  fear  one  another.  For 
justice  will  prevail,  goodwill  will  flourish,  and  right¬ 
eousness  will  be  established  throughout  the  earth. 


SUB-COMMISSION  ON  INTERNATIONAL 
JUSTICE  AND  GOODWILL 


Gulick,  Rev.  Sidney  L.,  Chairman  New  York  City 

Secretary,  Commission  on  International  Justice  and 
Goodwill,  Federal  Council  of  Churches ;  and  Secretary, 
World  Alliance  for  Promoting  International  Friend¬ 
ship  Through  the  Churches 

Allen^  Mrs.  John  S.  New  York  City 

Corresponding  Secretary,  Women’s  Board  of  Domestic 
Missions,  Reformed  Church  in  America 

Andrews,  Mrs.  Fannie  Fern  Boston,  Mass. 

Secretary,  American  School  Peace  League 

Boole,  Mrs.  Ella  A.  Brookl}^!,  N.  Y. 

National  Vice-president-at-large,  Woman’s  Christian 
Temperance  Union 

Brooks,  Miss  Louise  New  York  City 

Secretary,  National  Board  of  Young  Women’s  Chris¬ 
tian  Associations 

Brown,  Rev.  Charles  R.  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Dean,  School  of  Religion,  Yale  University 

Delk,  Rev.  Edwin  Heyl  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Pastor,  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church 

Faunce,  Pres.  W.  H.  P.  Providence,  R.  I. 

President,  Brown  University 

Laflamme,  Rev.  H.  F.  New  York  City 

Secretary,  New  York  and  New  Jersey  Division,  Lay¬ 
men’s  Missionary  Movement 

Lawrence,  The  Rt.  Rev.  William  Boston,  Mass. 

Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Massachusetts 

Lynch,  Rev.  Frederick  New  York  City 

Secretary,  Church  Peace  Union 

Merrill,  Rev.  William  P.  New  York  City 

Pastor,  Brick  Presbyterian  Church 


31 


32 


LIST  OF  SUB-COMMISSION 


Montgomery,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

President,  Women's  American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission 
Society 

Myers,  Harry  S.  New  York  City 

Secretary,  Missionary  Education  Movement 

Vance,  Rev.  James  I.  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Pastor,  First  Presbyterian  Church 

Wilson,  Bishop  Luther  B.  New  York  City 

Resident  Bishop  of  the  New  York  Area,  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church 


HELPFUL  LITERATURE 


These  books,  pamphlets  and  magazines  may  be  ordered 
from  The  World  Alliance  for  International  Friendship 
105  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City. 


A  New  Era  in  Human  History.  A  four-weeks  course  in 
World  Reconstruction.  10  cents. 

Helps  for  Leaders  of  Discussion  Groups.  For  use  with  A  New 
Era  in  Human  History.  15  cents. 

America  and  the  Orient.  A  four-weeks  course  of  study.  Chart 
illustrations.  By  Sidney  L.  Gulick.  25  cents. 

Helps  for  Leaders  of  Discussion  Groups.  For  use  with  Ameri¬ 
ca  and  the  Orient.  10  cents. 

*World  Reconstruction.  3  cents.  Single  copies  free. 

*The  New  Task  of  the  Church.  4  cents.  Single  copies  free. 

International  Friendship  in  the  Church.  The  program  and 
methods  presented  to  the  Inter-Church  Federation  Congress 
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34 


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35 


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